Function of thebrain stem4/20/2023 ![]() ![]() The cerebrum is divided into left and right sides, which communicate with each other through a thin stalk of nerve fibers. It generates the most complex intellectual thoughts and controls body movement. The cerebral cortex is the outside portion of the cerebrum, also called the “gray matter”. The brain stem is the smallest and is located under the cerebellum, extending downward and back toward the neck. The cerebellum is smaller than the cerebrum and located underneath it, behind the ears toward the back of the head. The cerebrum is the largest component, extending across the top of the head down to ear level. There are three major components of the brain. They also give us the capacity to remember numerous pieces of information. Specific groups of them, working in concert, provide us with the capacity to reason, to experience feelings, and to understand the world. All efferent and afferent pathways between the cerebrum and cerebellum course through the brainstem, and many of them decussate, or cross, within this structure.The brain is composed of more than a thousand billion neurons. The brainstem also has nuclei important for sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic functions. All of the cranial nerve nuclei, except those associated with olfaction and vision, are located in the brainstem, providing motor and sensory function to structures of the cranium, including the facial muscles, tongue, pharynx, and larynx, as well as supplying the senses of taste, equilibrium, and hearing. The brainstem houses many of the control centres for vital body functions, such as swallowing, breathing, and vasomotor control. ![]() ![]() The brainstem is divided into three sections in humans: the midbrain (mesencephalon), the pons (metencephalon), and the medulla oblongata (myelencephalon). See how the brainstem regulates heart rate and respiration along with other vital involuntary reflexes See all videos for this articleīrainstem, area at the base of the brain that lies between the deep structures of the cerebral hemispheres and the cervical spinal cord and that serves a critical role in regulating certain involuntary actions of the body, including heartbeat and breathing. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.
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